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Christianity

Psalms 74Lament for a Ruined Sanctuary

Summary

Psalm 74, a Maschil of Asaph, laments the destruction of God's sanctuary by enemies who smashed its carved work with axes and set it on fire. The people see no signs and have no prophet, and ask how long the foe will mock God's name. The psalmist recalls God's ancient power in dividing the sea, crushing Leviathan and setting day, night and seasons, and urges God to remember his covenant. Most scholars link it to the Babylonian destruction of the Temple.

Key verse

“For God is my King of old, working salvation in the midst of the earth.”

Psalms 74:12

Themes

  • Destruction of the Temple
  • Communal Lament
  • God's Ancient Power
  • Covenant Memory

Text

1

O God, why hast thou cast us off for ever? why doth thine anger smoke against the sheep of thy pasture?

2

Remember thy congregation, which thou hast purchased of old; the rod of thine inheritance, which thou hast redeemed; this mount Zion, wherein thou hast dwelt.

3

Lift up thy feet unto the perpetual desolations; even all that the enemy hath done wickedly in the sanctuary.

4

Thine enemies roar in the midst of thy congregations; they set up their ensigns for signs.

5

A man was famous according as he had lifted up axes upon the thick trees.

6

But now they break down the carved work thereof at once with axes and hammers.

7

They have cast fire into thy sanctuary, they have defiled by casting down the dwelling place of thy name to the ground.

8

They said in their hearts, Let us destroy them together: they have burned up all the synagogues of God in the land.

9

We see not our signs: there is no more any prophet: neither is there among us any that knoweth how long.

10

O God, how long shall the adversary reproach? shall the enemy blaspheme thy name for ever?

11

Why withdrawest thou thy hand, even thy right hand? pluck it out of thy bosom.

12

For God is my King of old, working salvation in the midst of the earth.

13

Thou didst divide the sea by thy strength: thou brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters.

14

Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces, and gavest him to be meat to the people inhabiting the wilderness.

15

Thou didst cleave the fountain and the flood: thou driedst up mighty rivers.

16

The day is thine, the night also is thine: thou hast prepared the light and the sun.

17

Thou hast set all the borders of the earth: thou hast made summer and winter.

18

Remember this, that the enemy hath reproached, O LORD, and that the foolish people have blasphemed thy name.

19

O deliver not the soul of thy turtledove unto the multitude of the wicked: forget not the congregation of thy poor for ever.

20

Have respect unto the covenant: for the dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of cruelty.

21

O let not the oppressed return ashamed: let the poor and needy praise thy name.

22

Arise, O God, plead thine own cause: remember how the foolish man reproacheth thee daily.

23

Forget not the voice of thine enemies: the tumult of those that rise up against thee increaseth continually.

Text: King James Version (1611/1769), public domain.

Across traditions

  • Christianity

    Lamentations 2: The Lord Destroyed His Sanctuary

    Lamentations 2 mourns the same kind of catastrophe, God casting off his altar and sanctuary in Jerusalem, in a series of acrostic laments.

  • Judaism

    Tehillim 74 in the JPS 1917 Tanakh

    Jewish tradition reads this psalm as a lament over the destruction of the Temple, and commentators trying to date it often point to its complaint that there is no more any prophet.

Questions about Psalms 74

When was Psalm 74 written?

It describes the burning of the sanctuary. Most scholars connect it with the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem in 587 or 586 BCE, while some propose the persecutions of the second century BCE.

What is Leviathan in Psalm 74?

Verse 14 describes God breaking the heads of Leviathan, a sea monster symbolizing chaos. The image celebrates God's power over the forces of disorder, and may also allude to Egypt at the Red Sea.