Christianity
Psalms 44Why Sleepest Thou, O Lord?
Summary
Psalm 44 is a communal lament of the sons of Korah. It begins by recalling how God gave the ancestors the land, not by their sword but by his own hand. Then it complains that God has rejected the people, scattered them among the nations and made them a byword, though they have not forgotten him or been false to the covenant. It ends with the bold cry Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? Paul quotes verse 22.
Key verse
“Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? arise, cast us not off for ever.”
Psalms 44:23
Themes
- Communal Lament
- Suffering Without Cause
- Covenant Loyalty
- God's Past Deeds
Text
We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, what work thou didst in their days, in the times of old.
How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out.
For they got not the land in possession by their own sword, neither did their own arm save them: but thy right hand, and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, because thou hadst a favour unto them.
Thou art my King, O God: command deliverances for Jacob.
Through thee will we push down our enemies: through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us.
For I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me.
But thou hast saved us from our enemies, and hast put them to shame that hated us.
In God we boast all the day long, and praise thy name for ever. Selah.
But thou hast cast off, and put us to shame; and goest not forth with our armies.
Thou makest us to turn back from the enemy: and they which hate us spoil for themselves.
Thou hast given us like sheep appointed for meat; and hast scattered us among the heathen.
Thou sellest thy people for nought, and dost not increase thy wealth by their price.
Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and a derision to them that are round about us.
Thou makest us a byword among the heathen, a shaking of the head among the people.
My confusion is continually before me, and the shame of my face hath covered me,
For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth; by reason of the enemy and avenger.
All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten thee, neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant.
Our heart is not turned back, neither have our steps declined from thy way;
Though thou hast sore broken us in the place of dragons, and covered us with the shadow of death.
If we have forgotten the name of our God, or stretched out our hands to a strange god;
Shall not God search this out? for he knoweth the secrets of the heart.
Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are counted as sheep for the slaughter.
Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? arise, cast us not off for ever.
Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and forgettest our affliction and our oppression?
For our soul is bowed down to the dust: our belly cleaveth unto the earth.
Arise for our help, and redeem us for thy mercies’ sake.
Text: King James Version (1611/1769), public domain.
Across traditions
Christianity
Romans 8: As Sheep for the SlaughterRomans 8:36 quotes Psalm 44:22 about being killed all the day long, then declares that nothing can separate believers from the love of God.
Judaism
Tehillim 44 in the JPS 1917 TanakhJewish tradition has applied this psalm to martyrdom. The Talmud (Gittin 57b) reads verse 22, verse 23 in the JPS numbering, of martyrs such as the mother and her seven sons.
Questions about Psalms 44
Why does Psalm 44 tell God to wake up?
Verse 23 voices the people's sense that God is absent despite their faithfulness. The Talmud (Sotah 48a) reports that Levites once recited it daily in the Temple until the high priest Yohanan stopped the practice, objecting that God does not sleep.
Does Psalm 44 say suffering is not always punishment?
Yes. Verses 17 to 22 insist the people have not broken the covenant, so the disaster cannot be explained as punishment, a theme shared with the Book of Job.