Christianity
Proverbs 1The Fear of the LORD
Summary
Proverbs 1 introduces the whole book. After a title naming Solomon, son of David, it states its purpose: to give wisdom, discipline and discernment to the simple and the young. Its motto follows: the fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge. A father warns his son against joining violent men who promise easy plunder. Then Wisdom herself, pictured as a woman, cries out in the streets, warning those who ignore her that they will reap the results of their own choices.
Key verse
“The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.”
Proverbs 1:7
Themes
- Fear of the LORD
- Parental Instruction
- Peer Pressure
- Wisdom Personified
Text
The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel;
To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding;
To receive the instruction of wisdom, justice, and judgment, and equity;
To give subtilty to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion.
A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of understanding shall attain unto wise counsels:
To understand a proverb, and the interpretation; the words of the wise, and their dark sayings.
The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.
My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother:
For they shall be an ornament of grace unto thy head, and chains about thy neck.
My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not.
If they say, Come with us, let us lay wait for blood, let us lurk privily for the innocent without cause:
Let us swallow them up alive as the grave; and whole, as those that go down into the pit:
We shall find all precious substance, we shall fill our houses with spoil:
Cast in thy lot among us; let us all have one purse:
My son, walk not thou in the way with them; refrain thy foot from their path:
For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood.
Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird.
And they lay wait for their own blood; they lurk privily for their own lives.
So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; which taketh away the life of the owners thereof.
Wisdom crieth without; she uttereth her voice in the streets:
She crieth in the chief place of concourse, in the openings of the gates: in the city she uttereth her words, saying,
How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge?
Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.
Because I have called, and ye refused; I have stretched out my hand, and no man regarded;
But ye have set at nought all my counsel, and would none of my reproof:
I also will laugh at your calamity; I will mock when your fear cometh;
When your fear cometh as desolation, and your destruction cometh as a whirlwind; when distress and anguish cometh upon you.
Then shall they call upon me, but I will not answer; they shall seek me early, but they shall not find me:
For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD:
They would none of my counsel: they despised all my reproof.
Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices.
For the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them.
But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell safely, and shall be quiet from fear of evil.
Text: King James Version (1611/1769), public domain.
Across traditions
Islam
Surah Luqman (31): A Father's CounselQuran 31:12 to 19 presents the sage Luqman, given wisdom by God, advising his son to worship God alone, honor his parents, pray, enjoin good and walk humbly. Like Proverbs 1 to 9, wisdom is passed from father to son.
Christianity
1 Kings 4: Solomon's Wisdom1 Kings 4:29 to 34 says God gave Solomon wisdom exceeding that of all the east and that he spoke three thousand proverbs, the tradition behind the book's opening title.
Confucianism
Analects 1: The Pleasure of LearningThe Analects open with Confucius praising steady learning and practice and turn quickly to filial respect, much as Proverbs opens with the value of instruction and a son's duty to heed his parents. Confucius grounds this in social harmony rather than in the fear of God.
Questions about Proverbs 1
What does the fear of the LORD mean?
In Proverbs it means reverent awe and humble submission to God, not terror. Proverbs 1:7 calls it the beginning of knowledge, and 9:10 the beginning of wisdom.
Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?
Proverbs 1:1, 10:1 and 25:1 credit Solomon, while 30:1 and 31:1 name Agur and King Lemuel, and 22:17 and 24:23 refer to sayings of the wise. Most scholars see an anthology compiled over centuries, possibly completed after the Babylonian exile.
Why is wisdom a woman in Proverbs?
The Hebrew word for wisdom, chokmah, is grammatically feminine, and Proverbs 1, 8 and 9 portray Wisdom as a woman calling in public places. She is often contrasted with the foolish or strange woman.