Christianity
Genesis 15The Covenant Between the Pieces
Summary
In Genesis 15 God tells Abram not to fear, but Abram objects that he is childless and his servant Eliezer of Damascus will be his heir. God promises a son of his own and descendants as numerous as the stars, and Abram believes. In a ritual with divided animals, a smoking furnace and burning lamp pass between the pieces as God seals a covenant, foretelling four hundred years of affliction for Abram's descendants and granting the land from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates.
Key verse
“And he believed in the LORD; and he counted it to him for righteousness.”
Genesis 15:6
Themes
- Faith
- Covenant
- Promise of Descendants
- Waiting on God
Text
After these things the word of the LORD came unto Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward.
And Abram said, LORD God, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus?
And Abram said, Behold, to me thou hast given no seed: and, lo, one born in my house is mine heir.
And, behold, the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, This shall not be thine heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own bowels shall be thine heir.
And he brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and tell the stars, if thou be able to number them: and he said unto him, So shall thy seed be.
And he believed in the LORD; and he counted it to him for righteousness.
And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it.
And he said, LORD God, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?
And he said unto him, Take me an heifer of three years old, and a she goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtledove, and a young pigeon.
And he took unto him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each piece one against another: but the birds divided he not.
And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abram drove them away.
And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him.
And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance.
And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age.
But in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full.
And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold a smoking furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between those pieces.
In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:
The Kenites, and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites,
And the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims,
And the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.
Text: King James Version (1611/1769), public domain.
Across traditions
Christianity
Romans 4: Faith Counted as RighteousnessPaul quotes Genesis 15:6 to argue that Abraham was counted righteous through faith before circumcision or the law.
Christianity
James 2: Faith and WorksJames also quotes Genesis 15:6 but pairs it with the binding of Isaac, arguing that Abraham's faith was completed by his deeds.
Islam
Surah Al-Baqara (2): Abraham and the Four BirdsIn 2:260 Abraham asks to see how God gives life to the dead and is told to take four birds and place portions of them on hills (commentators generally understand the birds to have been cut up); when called, they return. Like Genesis 15, it answers Abraham's request for assurance with a ritual involving animals and birds, though in Genesis God passes between the pieces to seal a covenant, while in the Quran the birds come back to life.
Questions about Genesis 15
What does it mean that Abraham's faith was counted as righteousness?
Genesis 15:6 says Abram believed the LORD and God counted it to him for righteousness. Paul (Romans 4) and James (James 2) both build on the verse, while Jewish readers often stress Abraham's trust as a merit his descendants inherit.
What is the 400 years prophecy in Genesis 15?
Genesis 15:13 foretells that Abram's descendants will be strangers and afflicted in a foreign land for four hundred years. Exodus 12:40 gives 430 years, and interpreters reconcile the figures in different ways.