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Christianity

Ecclesiastes 4Two Are Better Than One

Summary

Ecclesiastes 4 turns to social life. The Preacher sees the tears of the oppressed with no one to comfort them and calls the unborn more fortunate. He notes that much labor springs from envy of a neighbor, and that a handful with quietness beats two hands full of striving. A lonely man toils endlessly with no one to share his wealth. By contrast, two are better than one, lifting each other when they fall, and a threefold cord is not quickly broken. Even popular rulers are soon forgotten.

Key verse

“Two are better than one; because they have a good reward for their labour.”

Ecclesiastes 4:9

Themes

  • Companionship
  • Oppression
  • Envy and Rivalry
  • Contentment

Text

1

So I returned, and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter.

2

Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive.

3

Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

4

Again, I considered all travail, and every right work, that for this a man is envied of his neighbour. This is also vanity and vexation of spirit.

5

The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh.

6

Better is an handful with quietness, than both the hands full with travail and vexation of spirit.

7

Then I returned, and I saw vanity under the sun.

8

There is one alone, and there is not a second; yea, he hath neither child nor brother: yet is there no end of all his labour; neither is his eye satisfied with riches; neither saith he, For whom do I labour, and bereave my soul of good? This is also vanity, yea, it is a sore travail.

9

Two are better than one; because they have a good reward for their labour.

10

For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow: but woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up.

11

Again, if two lie together, then they have heat: but how can one be warm alone?

12

And if one prevail against him, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken.

13

Better is a poor and a wise child than an old and foolish king, who will no more be admonished.

14

For out of prison he cometh to reign; whereas also he that is born in his kingdom becometh poor.

15

I considered all the living which walk under the sun, with the second child that shall stand up in his stead.

16

There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Text: King James Version (1611/1769), public domain.

Across traditions

  • Confucianism

    Analects 1: Friends from Afar

    The Analects open by asking whether it is not a delight to have friends come from distant places. Like Ecclesiastes 4:9 to 12, Confucius treats companionship as one of life's real goods.

  • Islam

    Surah Al-Imran (3): Hold Fast Together

    Quran 3:103 tells believers to hold fast all together to the cable of Allah and not separate, recalling how God made them brothers. Like the threefold cord of Ecclesiastes 4:12, strength is found in being bound together.

  • Christianity

    Genesis 2: Not Good to Be Alone

    Genesis 2:18 says it is not good that the man should be alone, the same conviction behind the Preacher's portrait of the solitary toiler and his praise of companionship.

Questions about Ecclesiastes 4

What is the threefold cord in Ecclesiastes 4:12?

It is a rope of three strands, stronger than one or two. It is often read at weddings, and many Christians interpret the third strand as God at the center of a marriage, though the text itself speaks generally of companionship.

What does Ecclesiastes 4:6 mean?

It says better is a handful with quietness than both hands full with travail and vexation of spirit, praising contentment over restless accumulation.