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Christianity

Deuteronomy 16The Three Pilgrimage Feasts

Summary

Deuteronomy 16 commands three yearly festivals at the place God chooses: Passover with unleavened bread, the bread of affliction, in the month Abib; the Feast of Weeks seven weeks later; and the Feast of Tabernacles after the harvest. Families rejoice with servants, Levites, strangers, orphans and widows, and no one appears before God empty-handed. Moses then orders judges in every town and says justice, only justice, you must pursue.

Key verse

“That which is altogether just shalt thou follow, that thou mayest live, and inherit the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.”

Deuteronomy 16:20

Themes

  • Pilgrimage
  • Justice
  • Rejoicing
  • Inclusion

Text

1

Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover unto the LORD thy God: for in the month of Abib the LORD thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night.

2

Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the LORD thy God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which the LORD shall choose to place his name there.

3

Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction; for thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste: that thou mayest remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all the days of thy life.

4

And there shall be no leavened bread seen with thee in all thy coast seven days; neither shall there any thing of the flesh, which thou sacrificedst the first day at even, remain all night until the morning.

5

Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee:

6

But at the place which the LORD thy God shall choose to place his name in, there thou shalt sacrifice the passover at even, at the going down of the sun, at the season that thou camest forth out of Egypt.

7

And thou shalt roast and eat it in the place which the LORD thy God shall choose: and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents.

8

Six days thou shalt eat unleavened bread: and on the seventh day shall be a solemn assembly to the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no work therein.

9

Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn.

10

And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks unto the LORD thy God with a tribute of a freewill offering of thine hand, which thou shalt give unto the LORD thy God, according as the LORD thy God hath blessed thee:

11

And thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite that is within thy gates, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are among you, in the place which the LORD thy God hath chosen to place his name there.

12

And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes.

13

Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine:

14

And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates.

15

Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD shall choose: because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine hands, therefore thou shalt surely rejoice.

16

Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall choose; in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles: and they shall not appear before the LORD empty:

17

Every man shall give as he is able, according to the blessing of the LORD thy God which he hath given thee.

18

Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment.

19

Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt not respect persons, neither take a gift: for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous.

20

That which is altogether just shalt thou follow, that thou mayest live, and inherit the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.

21

Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees near unto the altar of the LORD thy God, which thou shalt make thee.

22

Neither shalt thou set thee up any image; which the LORD thy God hateth.

Text: King James Version (1611/1769), public domain.

Across traditions

  • Judaism

    Deuteronomy 16 (JPS 1917): Justice, Justice

    The Hebrew tzedek tzedek tirdof in 16:20, often rendered justice, justice shalt thou follow, is one of the most quoted verses in Jewish ethics. The three festivals are known in Judaism as the shalosh regalim.

  • Islam

    Surah Al-Hajj (22): Proclaim the Pilgrimage

    Quran 22:27 commands proclaiming the pilgrimage so people come on foot and on camels from every distant road. Islam's Hajj to Mecca is a different rite but shares the idea of a commanded journey to God's chosen place.

Questions about Deuteronomy 16

What are the three pilgrimage festivals?

Deuteronomy 16:16 names the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks and the Feast of Tabernacles, known today as Passover, Shavuot and Sukkot.

Why is matzah called the bread of affliction?

Deuteronomy 16:3 calls unleavened bread the bread of affliction because Israel left Egypt in haste. The Passover Haggadah uses the phrase.