U-God

Library

📚Library🔍Search☀️Daily Verse📅Sacred Calendar⭐Bookmarks

Discover

🌍ExploreNew📊TopicsNew⚖️CompareNew📝BlogNew

More

💡About📜Terms
Start Reading for Free

© 2026 U-God Sacred Library

Christianity

1 Samuel 21David at Nob and Gath

Summary

1 Samuel 21 tells how David, now a fugitive, comes alone to the priest Ahimelech at Nob and claims to be on a secret errand for the king. With no ordinary bread available, Ahimelech gives him the holy showbread and Goliath's sword. Doeg the Edomite, Saul's chief herdsman, sees it all. David flees to Achish king of Gath, but when the servants recognize him he pretends to be mad, scratching the gates and drooling, and Achish sends him away.

Key verse

“So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.”

1 Samuel 21:6

Themes

  • Need and Holiness
  • Fugitive Life
  • Deception
  • Fear

Text

1

Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?

2

And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place.

3

Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of bread in mine hand, or what there is present.

4

And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have kept themselves at least from women.

5

And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel.

6

So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.

7

Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul.

8

And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king’s business required haste.

9

And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.

10

And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

11

And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

12

And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

13

And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

14

Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

15

Have I need of mad men, that ye have brought this fellow to play the mad man in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?

Text: King James Version (1611/1769), public domain.

Across traditions

  • Christianity

    Mark 2: David and the Showbread

    When critics object to his disciples picking grain on the Sabbath, Jesus cites David eating the showbread (Mark 2:25 to 26), arguing that human need can take priority over ritual rules.

  • Judaism

    Psalm 34 (JPS 1917): When He Feigned Madness

    The heading of Psalm 34 links it to David changing his behavior before Abimelech, apparently a royal title for Achish, so that he was driven away.

Questions about 1 Samuel 21

Why did Jesus mention David eating the showbread?

To show that the needs of hungry people could override ceremonial rules, in defense of his disciples (Mark 2:23 to 28, Matthew 12:1 to 8).

Why does Mark 2:26 name Abiathar instead of Ahimelech?

1 Samuel 21 names Ahimelech as priest at Nob, while Mark mentions the days of Abiathar, his son and later high priest. Explanations include a general reference to Abiathar's era or a copying or memory variation.

Why did David pretend to be mad in Gath?

When Achish's servants recognized him as the hero of the song about ten thousands, David feared for his life and acted insane so Achish would dismiss him as harmless (1 Samuel 21:11 to 15).